Unit 1
Impurities in Pharmaceutical Substances
| Introduction, Sources of Impurities, Raw Materials, Method of Manufacture, Manufacturing Hazards, Instability of the Products. |
Limit Tests Notes
| Introduction, Limit test for chlorides, Limit test for sulphates, Limit test for Iron, Limit test for Heavy metals, Limit test for Lead, Limit test for Arsenic, Modified Limit test for chlorides, Modified Limit test for sulphates. |
Unit 2
Buffers Notes
| Introduction, Acid and Bases, Buffers, Mechanism of Buffer Action, and Buffering Capacity. |
Buffer Equation
| Henderson Equation, pH of a Buffer, Acidic Buffer, Basic Buffer. |
Buffer Capacity and Action
| Definition, Types of Buffer, Buffer Action, Mechanism of Action of Basic Buffers, Buffer Equation, Henderson Hasselbalch Equation, Buffer Capacity, and Application of Buffers. |
Buffered Isotonic Solution
| Introduction, Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic, Isotonic Solution, Tonicity, Measurements of Tonicity, Methods of Adjusting Tonicity and pH. |
Major Extra and Intra Cellular Electrolyte
| Introduction, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Phosphate, Replacement Therapy, Biological Acid-Base Balance, Factors Affecting the pH of the extracellular fluids, Types and Causes of Acidosis. |
Dental Products Notes
| Tooth, Dental Products, Anticaries Agents, Cleaning agents or Dentrifices, Polishing Agents, Desensitising Agents, Role of Fluoride, Cement and Fillers, Zinc Oxide Eugenol. |
Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS)
| Introduction, What Is diarrhoea, Pathophysiology of diarrhoea, Ion exchange in Intestine, Physiological basis of using ORT in diarrhoea, Oral Rehydration Therapy, Principles and Types. |
Unit 3
Gastrointestinal Agents
| Acidifying or Acidifiers, Antacid, Cathartics, Antimicrobial Agents, Iodine, Astringent, Monographs. |
Acidifiers Notes
| Classification of Acidifying agents or Acidifiers, Hyperchlorhydria or Hyperactivity, Hypochlorhydria. |
Antacid Notes
| Introduction, Classification, Ideal Properties, Aluminium Hydroxide Gel, Milk of Magnesia, Combination Antacid Preparation. |
Cathartics Notes
| Definition, Purgatives, Laxatives, Schematic diagram of Cathartics, Magnesium Sulphate. |
Antimicrobial Agents
| Antiseptics, Disinfectants, Germicide, Bacteriostatic, Sanitizer, Mechanism of Action, Example, Characteristics, Iodine. |
Unit 4
Expectorants Notes
| Introduction, Classification, Sedative Expectorants, Stimulant Expectorants. |
Emetics Notes
| Introduction, Mechanism of Action, Cerebral Centre Affecting Vomiting, Uses of Emetics, Natural Emetics When Emetics Should not use? |
Haematinics Notes
| Hematinic, Iron, Anemia, Dietary Source, Iron Rich Food, Distribution of Iron in Body, Inorganic Haematinics. |
Poison and Antidote
| Poison and Antidote definition, Classification of Antidote, Physiological, Mechanical and Chemical Antidote, Inorganic Antidote. |
Astringents Notes
| Astringents Introduction, Uses of Astringents, Inorganic Astringents. |
Unit 5
Radiopharmaceutical Notes
| Introduction, Radioactivity, Radioisotopes. |
Radioactivity Notes
| Introduction, Alpha decay, Beta decay, Gamma decay, Half-life and Rate of decay, Radioactive dating, Half-life and Kinetic energy, Detection of Radiation. |
Radioisotopes Notes
| Definitions, The Atom, Isotopes of Hydrogen, Isotopes of Carbon, How to Radioisotopes occurs, Properties of Radioactive Isotopes, Therapeutic uses of Radioisotopes. |