PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY CHAPTER-WISE NOTES ER20-12T CHAPTER – 1
Introduction to Pharmaceutical chemistry: Scope and objectives
Sources and types of errors: Accuracy, precision, significant figures
Impurities in Pharmaceuticals: Source and effect of impurities in Pharmacopeial substances, importance of limit test, Principle and procedures of Limit tests for
chlorides, sulphates, iron, heavy metals and arsenic.
CHAPTER – 2
Volumetric analysis: Fundamentals of volumetric analysis, Acid-base titration, non-aqueous titration, precipitation titration, complexometric titration, redox titration
Gravimetric analysis: Principle and method.
CHAPTER – 3
Inorganic Pharmaceuticals: Pharmaceutical formulations, market preparations, storage conditions and uses of
Haematinics: Ferrous sulphate, Ferrous fumarate, Ferric ammonium citrate, Ferrous ascorbate, Carbonyl iron
Gastro-intestinal Agents: Antacids; Aluminium hydroxide gel, Magnesium hydroxide, Magaldrate, Sodium bicarbonate, Calcium Carbonate, Acidifying agents, Adsorbents, Protectives, Cathartics
Topical agents: Silver Nitrate, Ionic Silver, Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Hydrogen peroxide, Boric acid, Bleaching powder, Potassium permanganate
Dental products: Calcium carbonate, Sodium fluoride, Denture cleaners, Denture adhesives, Mouth washes
Medicinal gases: Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, oxygen
CHAPTER – 4
Introduction to nomenclature of organic chemical systems with particular reference to heterocyclic compounds containing up to Three rings
CHAPTER – 5
Drugs Acting on the Central Nervous System
Anaesthetics: Thiopental Sodium, Ketamine Hydrochloride , Propofol
Sedatives and Hypnotics: Diazepam, Alprazolam , Nitrazepam, Phenobarbital*
Antipsychotics: Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride, Haloperidol , Risperidone, Sulpiride , Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Lurasidone
Anticonvulsants: Phenytoin, Carbamazepine , Clonazepam, Valproic Acid, Gabapentin , Topiramate, Vigabatrin, Lamotrigine
Anti-Depressants: Amitriptyline Hydrochloride, Imipramine Hydrochloride , Fluoxetine*, Venlafaxine, Duloxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram, Escitalopram, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine
CHAPTER – 6
Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathomimetic Agents: Direct Acting: NorEpinephrine, Epinephrine, Phenylephrine, Dopamine , Terbutaline, Salbutamol (Albuterol), Naphazoline, Tetrahydrozoline Indirect Acting Agents: Hydroxy Amphetamine, Pseudoephedrine.
Agents With Mixed Mechanism: Ephedrine, Metaraminol Adrenergic Antagonists: Alpha Adrenergic Blockers: Tolazoline, Phentolamine Phenoxybenzamine, Prazosin. Beta Adrenergic Blockers: Propranolol , Atenolol, Carvedilol Cholinergic Drugs and Related Agents: Direct Acting Agents: Acetylcholine , Carbachol, And PilocarpineCholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine, Edrophonium Chloride, Tacrine Hydrochloride, Pralidoxime Chloride, Echothiopate Iodide Cholinergic Blocking Agents: Atropine Sulphate , Ipratropium Bromide
Synthetic Cholinergic Blocking Agents: Tropicamide, Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride, Clidinium Bromide, Dicyclomine Hydrochloride*
CHAPTER – 7
Drugs Acting on Cardiovascular System
Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs: Quinidine Sulphate, Procainamide Hydrochloride, Verapamil, Phenytoin Sodium, Lidocaine Hydrochloride, Lorcainide Hydrochloride, Amiodarone and Sotalol Anti-Hypertensive Agents: Propranolol , Captopril*, Ramipril, Methyldopate Hydrochloride, Clonidine Hydrochloride, Hydralazine Hydrochloride, Nifedipine,
Antianginal Agents: Isosorbide Dinitrate
CHAPTER – 8
Diuretics: Acetazolamide, Frusemide*, Bumetanide, Chlorthalidone, Benzthiazide, Metolazone, Xipamide, Spironolactone
CHAPTER – 9
Hypoglycemic Agents: Insulin and Its Preparations, Metformin, Glibenclamide , Glimepiride, Pioglitazone, Repaglinide, Gliflozins, Gliptins
CHAPTER – 10
Analgesic And Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Morphine Analogues, Narcotic Antagonists
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (NSAIDs) – Aspirin, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen , Piroxicam, Celecoxib, Mefenamic Acid, Paracetamol*, Aceclofenac
CHAPTER – 11
Anti-Infective Agents
Antifungal Agents: Amphotericin-B, Griseofulvin, Miconazole, Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Fluconazole , Naftifine Hydrochloride
Urinary Tract Anti-Infective Agents: Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Moxifloxacin,
Anti-Tubercular Agents: INH , Ethambutol, Para Amino Salicylic Acid, Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin, Bedaquiline, Delamanid, Pretomanid*Antiviral Agents: Amantadine Hydrochloride, Idoxuridine, Acyclovir, Foscarnet, Zidovudine, Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Favipiravir
Antimalarials: Quinine Sulphate, Chloroquine Phosphate , Primaquine Phosphate, Mefloquine, Cycloguanil, Pyrimethamine, Artemisinin Sulfonamides: Sulfanilamide, Sulfadiazine, Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfacetamide , Mafenide Acetate, Cotrimoxazole, Dapsone*
CHAPTER – 12
Antibiotics: Penicillin G, Amoxicillin, Cloxacillin, Streptomycin,
Tetracyclines: Doxycycline, Minocycline Macrolides: Erythromycin, Azithromycin Miscellaneous: Chloramphenicol Clindamycin
CHAPTER – 13
Anti-Neoplastic Agents: Cyclophosphamide, Busulfan, Mercaptopurine, Fluorouracil , Methotrexate, Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Vinblastine Sulphate, Cisplatin*, Dromostanolone Propionate
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY TOPIC-WISE NOTESAccuracy, precision, significant figures
Source and effect of impurities in Pharmacopoeial substances, the importance of the limit test, Principle and procedures of Limit tests for chlorides, sulphates, iron, heavy metals and arsenic
Fundamentals of volumetric analysis, Acid-base titration, non-aqueous titration, precipitation titration, complexometric titration, redox titration
Pharmaceutical formulations, market preparations, storage conditions and uses of
Ferrous sulphate, Ferrous fumarate, Ferric ammonium citrate, Ferrous ascorbate, Carbonyl iron
Antacids: Aluminium hydroxide gel, Magnesium hydroxide, Magaldrate, Sodium bicarbonate, Calcium Carbonate, Acidifying agents, Adsorbents, Protectives, Cathartics
Silver Nitrate, Ionic Silver,Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Hydrogen peroxide, Boricacid, Bleaching powder, Potassium permanganate
Calcium carbonate, Sodiumfluoride, Denture cleaners, Denture adhesives, Mouthwashes
Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide,oxygen
Introduction to nomenclature of organic chemical systems with particular reference to heterocyclic compounds containing up to Three rings
Thiopental Sodium, KetamineHydrochloride, Propofol
Diazepam, Alprazolam, Nitrazepam, Phenobarbital
Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride, Haloperidol, Risperidone, Sulpiride, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Lurasidone
Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Clonazepam, Valproic Acid, Gabapentin, Topiramate, Vigabatrin, Lamotrigine
Amitriptyline Hydrochloride, Imipramine Hydrochloride, Fluoxetine, Venlafaxine, Duloxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram, Escitalopram, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine
Direct Acting: NorEpinephrine, Epinephrine, Phenylephrine, Dopamine, Terbutaline, Salbutamol (Albuterol), Naphazoline, Tetrahydrozoline. Indirect-acting agents: Hydroxy Amphetamine, Pseudoephedrine. Agents With Mixed Mechanism: Ephedrine, Metaraminol
Alpha Adrenergic Blockers:Tolazoline, Phentolamine, Phenoxybenzamine, Prazosin. Beta AdrenergicBlockers: Propranolol, Atenolol, Carvedilol
DirectActing Agents: Acetylcholine, Carbachol, AndPilocarpine. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine, Edrophonium Chloride, Tacrine Hydrochloride, Pralidoxime Chloride, Echothiopate Iodide
Atropine Sulphate, Ipratropium BromideSynthetic Cholinergic Blocking Agents: Tropicamide, Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride, Clidinium Bromide, Dicyclomine Hydrochloride
Quinidine Sulphate, Procainamide Hydrochloride, Verapamil, PhenytoinSodium, Lidocaine Hydrochloride, LorcainideHydrochloride, Amiodarone and Sotalol
Propranolol, Captopril, Ramipril, Methyldopate Hydrochloride, ClonidineHydrochloride, Hydralazine Hydrochloride, Nifedipine
Acetazolamide, Frusemide, Bumetanide, Chlorthalidone, Benzthiazide, Metolazone, Xipamide, Spironolactone
Insulin and Its Preparations, Metformin, Glibenclamide, Glimepiride, Pioglitazone, Repaglinide, Gliflozins, Gliptins
Morphine Analogues, Narcotic Antagonists; Nonsteroidal AntiInflammatory Agents (NSAIDs) – Aspirin, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Piroxicam, Celecoxib, Mefenamic Acid, Paracetamol, Aceclofenac
Amphotericin-B, Griseofulvin,Miconazole, Ketoconazole, Itraconazole,Fluconazole, Naftifine Hydrochloride
Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Moxifloxacin
INH, Ethambutol, ParaAmino Salicylic Acid, Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin, Bedaquiline, Delamanid, Pretomanid
Amantadine Hydrochloride, Idoxuridine, Acyclovir, Foscarnet, Zidovudine, Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Favipiravir
Quinine Sulphate, Chloroquine Phosphate, Primaquine Phosphate, Mefloquine, Cycloguanil, Pyrimethamine, Artemisinin
Sulfanilamide, Sulfadiazine, Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfacetamide, Mafenide Acetate, Cotrimoxazole, Dapsone
Penicillin G, Amoxicillin, Cloxacillin, Streptomycin, Tetracyclines: Doxycycline, Minocycline, Macrolides: Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Miscellaneous: Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin
Cyclophosphamide, Busulfan, Mercaptopurine, Fluorouracil, Methotrexate, Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Vinblastine Sulphate, Cisplatin, Dromostanolone Propionate
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