Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D) Fourth Year Biostatistics and Research Methodology Notes PDF
1. Research Methodology
a) Types of clinical study designs: Case studies, observational studies, interventional studies,
b) Designing the methodology
c) Sample size determination and Power of a study Determination of sample size for simple comparative experiments, determination of sample size to obtain a confidence interval of specified width, power of a study
d) Report writing and presentation of data
2. Biostatistics
2.1 a) Introduction
b) Types of data distribution
c) Measures describing the central tendency distributions- average, median, mode
d) Measurement of the spread of data-range, variation of mean, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation, standard error of mean.
2.2 Data graphics: Construction and labeling of graphs, histogram, piecharts, scatter plots, semilogarthimic plots
2.3 Basics of testing hypothesis
a) Null hypothesis, level of significance, power of test, P value, statistical estimation of confidence intervals.
b) Level of significance (Parametric data)- students t test (paired and unpaired), chi Square test, Analysis of Variance (one-way and two-way)
c) Level of significance (Non-parametric data)- Sign test, Wilcoxan’s signed rank test, Wilcoxan rank sum test, Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wall is test (one way ANOVA)
d) Linear regression and correlation- Introduction, Pearsonn’s and Spearmann’s correlation and correlation co-efficient.
e) Introduction to statistical software: SPSS, Epi Info, SAS.75
2.4 Statistical methods in epidemiology: Incidence and prevalence, relative risk, attributable risk
3. Computer applications in pharmacy: Computer System in Hospital Pharmacy: Patterns of Computer use in Hospital Pharmacy – Patient record database management, Medication order entry – Drug labels and list – Intravenous solution and admixture, patient medication profiles,
Inventory control, Management report & Statistics.
Computer In Community Pharmacy: Computerizing the Prescription Dispensing process Use of Computers for Pharmaceutical Care in community pharmacy, Accounting and General ledger system
Drug Information Retrieval & Storage: Introduction – Advantages of Computerized Literature Retrieval Use of Computerized Retrieval.