B.Pharm Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2 Notes

PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2 UNIT-WISE NOTES – BP504T

Unit – 1

• Metabolic pathways in higher plants and their determination
• a) Brief study of basic metabolic pathways and formation of different secondary metabolites through these pathways- Shikimic acid pathway, Acetate pathways and Amino acid pathway.
• b) Study of utilization of radioactive isotopes in the investigation of Biogenetic studies.

Unit – 2

• General introduction, composition, chemistry & chemical classes, biosources, therapeutic uses and commercial applications of following secondary metabolites:
• Alkaloids: Vinca, Rauwolfia, Belladonna, Opium,
• Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids: Lignans, Tea, Ruta
• Steroids, Cardiac Glycosides & Triterpenoids: Liquorice, Dioscorea, Digitalis
• Volatile oils: Mentha, Clove, Cinnamon, Fennel, Coriander,
• Tannins: Catechu, Pterocarpus
• Resins: Benzoin, Guggul, Ginger, Asafoetida, Myrrh, Colophony
• Glycosides: Senna, Aloes, Bitter Almond
• Iridoids, Other terpenoids & Naphthaquinones: Gentian, Artemisia, taxus, carotenoids

Unit – 3

• Isolation, Identification and Analysis of Phytoconstituents
• a) Terpenoids: Menthol, Citral, Artemisin
• b) Glycosides: Glycyrhetinic acid & Rutin
• c) Alkaloids: Atropine, Quinine, Reserpine, Caffeine
• d) Resins: Podophyllotoxin, Curcumin

Unit – 4

• Industrial production, estimation and utilization of the following phytoconstituents: Forskolin, Sennoside, Artemisinin, Diosgenin, Digoxin, Atropine, Podophyllotoxin, Caffeine, Taxol, Vincristine and Vinblastine

Unit – 5

• Basics of Phytochemistry:
• Modern methods of extraction, application of latest techniques like Spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis in the isolation, purification and identification of crude drugs.