PART – 2 Introduction to Microbiology and Common Microorganisms
Q1. Rotavirus is a common cause of diarrhea in children, nearly all children have been infected by the virus by what age
A. 1 year old
B. 2 years old
C. 5 years old
D. 10 years old
Correct Answer: (B) 2 years old
Q2. Which serious ailment does the Poliovirus cause all over the world
A. Mental retarded ness
B. Brain haemorrhage
C. Paralysis
D. Poliomyelitis
Correct Answer: (D) Poliomyelitis
Q3. This virus has RNA and DNA both
A. Herpes Virus
B. Leuko Virus
C. Polio virus
D. Cyanophage
Correct Answer: (B) Leuko Virus
Q4. Who is at higher risk of Ebola infection
A. Health workers
B. Relatives of infected individuals
C. Hunters in tropical rainforests
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Q5. Which of the following viruses can be transmitted by the parenteral route
A. HBV
B. HCV
C. HDV
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Q6. Causative agent of pertussis
A. Bordetella pertussis
B. Corynebacterium
C. Bordetella parapertussis
D. Both a and c
Correct Answer: (D) Both a and c
Q7. Which form of hepatitis can be passed on through contaminated food or water
A. B
B. C
C. A and E
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: (C) A and E
Q8. Polioviruses are _____
A. Resistant to lipid solvents
B. Resistant to protein solvents
C. Unstable at pH values between 3 – 9
D. Infectious for a shorter period in children
Correct Answer: (A) Resistant to lipid solvents
Q9. What is the most common food that causes foodborne gastroenteritis by Vibrio parahaemolyticus
A. Chicken
B. Fish
C. Oysters
D. Rice
Correct Answer: (C) Oysters
Q10. This can eradicate Polio
A. Live polio vaccine
B. Killed polio vaccine
C. Combination of live and killed vaccines
D. Attention to sewage control and hygiene
Correct Answer: (C) Combination of live and killed vaccines
Q11. All of the following are the common cholera symptoms, except
A. Diarrhea
B. Dehydration
C. Vomiting
D. High-grade fever
Correct Answer: (D) High-grade fever
Q12. Meningitis is inflammation of the membranes surrounding the
A. Stomach
B. Small and large intestine
C. Brain and spinal cord
D. Lungs
Correct Answer: (C) Brain and spinal cord
Q13. A blood test can confirm hepatitis. Doctors look for an elevated amount of which of these
A. White blood cells
B. Calcium
C. Interferon
D. Liver enzymes
Correct Answer: (D) Liver enzymes
Q14. This organ is majorly affected by hepatitis
A. Liver
B. Heart
C. Kidneys
D. Brain
Correct Answer: (A) Liver
Q15. Tuberculous meningitis is which type of meningitis
A. Fungal
B. Viral
C. Bacterial
D. None if the above
Correct Answer: (C) Bacterial
Q16. This is the main symptom of Tuberculosis
A. Liquid formation
B. Tubercle formation
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. None of these
Correct Answer: (C) Both (a) and (b)
Q17. Incubation period of ebola virus
A. Within an hour
B. Within 48 hours
C. 2 days to 21 days
D. 1 month
Correct Answer: (C) 2 days to 21 days
Q18. If a child has diarrhea, when should you call the healthcare provider
A. If the child has a temperature above 102 degrees F
B. If the child can’t sleep
C. If the child shows signs of dehydration
D. Both a and c
Correct Answer: (D) Both a and c
Q19. This is the reason why diagnosing tuberculosis is turning to challenge
A. The disease takes years to become active
B. Symptoms are irregular, they appear and then vanish
C. Symptoms are not very obvious and prominent always
D. Both (b) and (c)
Correct Answer: (D) Both (b) and (c)
Q20. Which of the following diseases are related to coronavirus
A. MERS
B. SARS
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B
Correct Answer: (C) Both A and B
Q21. Who is at risk of developing tuberculosis in this country
A. People taking certain medicines
B. Migrant farm workers
C. People with HIV
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Q22. Mild Symptoms of Novel coronavirus are
A. Fever
B. Cough
C. Shortness of breath
D. All the above
Correct Answer: (D) All the above
Q23. Which medicine can fight viral meningitis
A. Antibiotic medicines
B. Anti-inflammatory medicines
C. Hydrating fluids
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: (D) None of the above
Q24. How many forms of viral hepatitis have been found so far
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 8
Correct Answer: (A) 3
Q25. How is TB diagnosed
A. Chest X-ray
B. Sample of sputum
C. Skin or blood test
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Q26. Which age group is mostly affected with diphtheria
A. 1 year to 5 years
B. 6 months to 3 years
C. 6 months to 5 years
D. Less than 15 years
Correct Answer: (A) 1 year to 5 years
Q27. After a person is exposed to the diphtheria bacteria, how long does it usually take for the illness to begin
A. 1 day
B. 5 days
C. 9 days
D. 14 days or longer
Correct Answer: (B) 5 days
Q28. Sheet of skeletal muscles which are present in the chest
A. Bronchioles
B. Bronchi
C. Bronchus
D. Pleura
Correct Answer: (C) Bronchus
Q29. Which of these diseases is linked with chronic diarrhea
A. Celiac disease
B. Irritable bowel syndrome
C. Diabetes
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Q30. For Tuberculosis, the drugs used to combat it are
A. Streptomycin, Pyrazinamide
B. Isoniazid, Rifampicin
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. None of these
Correct Answer: (C) Both (a) and (b)
Q31. This nucleic acid is found in hepatitis B virus
A. dsRNA
B. ssDNA
C. ssRNA
D. dsDNA
Correct Answer: (D) dsDNA
Q32. Cholera is spread through
A. Bite of female anopheles mosquito
B. Bite of female culex mosquito
C. Through contaminated water
D. Through the cough droplets from an infected person
Correct Answer: (C) Through contaminated water
Q33. Which of the following viral infections can result in chronic carrier state
A. HBV
B. HCV
C. HDV
D. All of these
Correct Answer: (D) All of these
Q34. The most characteristic symptom of cholera is
A. High fever
B. Watery diarrhea
C. Headache
D. Persistent cough
Correct Answer: (B) Watery diarrhea
Q35. The BCG vaccine is administered for immunity against
A. Malaria
B. Tuberculosis
C. Jaundice
D. Hepatitis
Correct Answer: (B) Tuberculosis
Q36. What is causing TB to become a serious public health problem
A. The rise in number of people with HIV infection
B. An increasing number of immigrants from areas of the world where TB is common
C. People who don’t take their TB treatment correctly
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Q37. The stool of a cholera patient resembles
A. Anchovy sauce
B. Rice water
C. Apple jelly
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: (B) Rice water
Q38. Vaccines have been developed to protect against which hepatitis viruses
A. A
B. B
C. D
D. A and B
Correct Answer: (D) A and B
Q39. Signs of dehydration include
A. Dry skin
B. High blood pressure
C. Raised fontanelles in children
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: (A) Dry skin
Q40. Which of the following is caused by infections by bread molds
A. Mucormycosis
B. Coccidioidomycosis
C. Cryptococcosis
D. Pneumocystis pneumonia
Correct Answer: (A) Mucormycosis
Q41. The most reliable detection test for Hepatitis E is
A. ELISA test for IgG anti-HEV
B. Polymerase chain reaction for detection of HEV RNA
C. Western blot assay for IgM anti-HEV
D. ELISA test for IgM anti-HEV
Correct Answer: (B) Polymerase chain reaction for detection of HEV RNA
Q42. Symptoms of Ebola virus disease include
A. Fever and hemorrhagic rashes
B. Joints and muscle aches, headache
C. Diarrhea and vomiting
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Q43. Which of the following is considered the gold standard for identifying the Ebola or Marburg virus
A. Routine blood chemistries
B. Detection of characteristic virions with electron microscopy
C. Enzyme linked immunosorbent blood assay
D. Liver function tests
Correct Answer: (B) Detection of characteristic virions with electron microscopy
Q44. Which of these things can cause hepatitis
A. Viruses
B. Medicines and alcohol
C. Immune system that’s not working as it should
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Q45. Diarrhea with visible blood in stools is called
A. Diphtheria
B. Dysentery
C. Chronic diarrhea
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: (B) Dysentery
Q46. When should the COVID-19 vaccine be given to pregnant women
A. The COVID-19 vaccine should not be given to pregnant women
B. During pregnancy, the COVID-19 vaccination can be started anytime
C. She should be vaccinated soon after the delivery
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: (B) During pregnancy, the COVID-19 vaccination can be started anytime
Q47. Lassa and Ebola are emergent viruses in W. Africa what is their origin
A. Humans
B. Primates
C. Fruit bats
D. Pigs
Correct Answer: (B) Primates
Q48. After the gaseous exchange, the air is removed by the process of
A. Inhalation
B. Inspiration
C. Exhalation
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: (C) Exhalation
Q49. Which one of the following is a first line drug for TB treatment
A. Pyrazinamide
B. PASA
C. Kanamycin
D. Cycloserine
Correct Answer: (A) Pyrazinamide
Q50. The fluid present between the brain and spinal cord and the meninges is called
A. Aqueous humor
B. Cerebrospinal fluid
C. Vitreous humor
D. Pleural fluid
Correct Answer: (B) Cerebrospinal fluid
Q51. Which of the following bacteria is commonly associated with more than 5% of gastroenteritis cases each year in the USA
A. Campylobacter jejuni
B. Campylobacter enteritis
C. Helicobacter pylori
D. Vibrio cholerae
Correct Answer: (B) Campylobacter enteritis
Q52. Which of these fluids is best to drink to prevent dehydration when you have diarrhea
A. Water
B. Broth
C. Fruit juice
D. Both a and b
Correct Answer: (D) Both a and b
Q53. Who in the U.S. should receive a vaccine for TB
A. Infants
B. Teens
C. Adults under age 65
D. Adults over age 65
Correct Answer: (A) Infants
Q54. Human to human transmission of ebola virus is through
A. Blood, secretion and other bodily fluids of infected person
B. Objects and environment contaminated with infected fluids
C. Direct contact with deceased person
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Q55. Which of these foods is a good choice when you have diarrhea
A. Bananas
B. Rice
C. Plain toast
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Q56. To prevent infection and transmission of ebola, health workers or those caring for Ebola patients at home have to
A. Wear protective clothing such as masks, gloves, gowns, and goggles
B. Use complete equipment sterilization and use disinfectants
C. Isolate Ebola patients from contact with unprotected persons
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Q57. What is the most common type of diphtheria
A. Laryngeal diphtheria
B. Cutaneous diphtheria
C. Facial diphtheria
D. Nasal diphtheria
Correct Answer: (C) Facial diphtheria
Q58. Thailand announced that it has proceeded to test its novel coronavirus vaccine on which animal/bird
A. Monkeys
B. Lizards
C. Hens
D. Kites
Correct Answer: (A) Monkeys
Q59. Which Ebola species has no reported human deaths
A. Bundibugyo ebolavirus
B. Zaire ebolavirus
C. Reston ebolavirus
D. Sudan ebolavirus
Correct Answer: (C) Reston ebolavirus
Q60. All of the following are the effective current preventive methods for HIV infection, EXCEPT
A. Safe and protected sex
B. Use of available vaccines
C. Use of sterile injection needles
D. Safe blood transfusion method
Correct Answer: (B) Use of available vaccines
Q61. In which country, the world’s first baby with antibodies against the novel coronavirus is reported to be born
A. India
B. USA
C. China
D. Brazil
Correct Answer: (B) USA
Q62. Patients with cholera pass stools that resemble ____
A. Rice water
B. Stools with blood
C. Anchovy sauce
D. Apple jelly
Correct Answer: (A) Rice water
Q63. Which day was declared World Tuberculosis day by World Health Organization to celebrate World Tuberculosis Day
A. 24 March
B. 24 April
C. 7 April
D. 14 November
Correct Answer: (A) 24 March
Q64. Which of the following biotypes of Vibrio cholerae is prevalent in developing countries
A. EL Tor
B. Classic
C. Biotype 0139
D. Biotype 139
Correct Answer: (C) Biotype 0139
Q65. Which of the following complications occur during the infection of poliovirus
A. Respiratory failure
B. Airways obstruction
C. Kidney failure
D. ANS involvement
Correct Answer: (C) Kidney failure
Q66. What are the precautions that need to be taken to protect from the coronavirus
A. Cover your nose and mouth when sneezing
B. Add more garlic into your diet
C. Visit your doctor for antibiotics treatment
D. Wash your hands after every hour
Correct Answer: (A) Cover your nose and mouth when sneezing
Q67. When do humans who are infected with the Marburg or Ebola virus become infectious
A. After they recover from the virus
B. After symptoms develop
C. At any point after exposure to the virus
D. During the incubation period
Correct Answer: (B) After symptoms develop
Q68. The region where the polio virus multiplies in the body is
A. Intestinal cells
B. Nerve cells
C. Muscle cells
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: (A) Intestinal cells
Q69. Helicobacter pylori is associated with all of the following, EXCEPT
A. Malt lymphoma
B. Gastric carcinoma
C. Peptic ulcer
D. Burkitt lymphoma
Correct Answer: (D) Burkitt lymphoma
Q70. A combination of medications are used in the treatment of tuberculosis for the following reason
A. To reduce resistance of the organism to treatment
B. To bring about a better response
C. Both of the above
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: (C) Both of the above
Q71. Which organ does hepatitis affect
A. Heart
B. Brain
C. Liver
D. Kidneys
Correct Answer: (C) Liver
Q72. What are the symptoms of hepatitis
A. Tiredness
B. Low fever
C. Nausea
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Q73. Transmission of hepatitis G virus is
A. Parenteral
B. Sexually
C. Both a and b
D. None of these
Correct Answer: (C) Both a and b
Q74. Which form can exist for years without symptoms
A. Hepatitis B
B. Hepatitis C
C. Hepatitis D
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Q75. Besides watery stools, which of these symptoms also may occur during diarrhea
A. Abdominal pain
B. Bloating
C. Nausea
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Q76. What are not the growth characteristics of Campylobacter spp? Select from all the options given below
A. Oxidase and catalase positive
B. Produce H2S
C. Ferment carbohydrates
D. Have darting motility
Correct Answer: (C) Ferment carbohydrates
Q77. The causative of tuberculosis is
A. Virus
B. Bacterium
C. Malnutrition
D. Protozoan
Correct Answer: (B) Bacterium
Q78. Which gender of population is mostly affected with diphtheria
A. Male
B. Female
C. Equal involvement of male and female
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: (C) Equal involvement of male and female
Q79. Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of food poisoning, it has also been associated with a post diarrheal syndrome that is known as………………..
A. Toxic shock syndrome
B. Guillain-Barre syndrome
C. Short bowel syndrome
D. Rett syndrome
Correct Answer: (B) Guillain-Barre syndrome
Q80. The most definitive diagnostic procedure for meningitis is
A. Blood test
B. ECG
C. EEG
D. Spinal tap
Correct Answer: (D) Spinal tap
Q81. Hepatitis G virus is from the family
A. Coronaviridae
B. Hepadnaviridae
C. Flaviviridae
D. Caliciviridae
Correct Answer: (C) Flaviviridae
Q82. How do you get TB
A. Through the air
B. Through sexual contact
C. Through contamination food
D. Both a and c
Correct Answer: (D) Both a and c
Q83. Which is the most common organism causing community acquired pneumonia
A. Pneumococcus
B. Hemophilusinfluenzi
C. Viral
D. Gm negatives
Correct Answer: (A) Pneumococcus
Q84. Is less likely to cause gastroenteritis or diarrheal disease in humans
A. Vibrio spp
B. Salmonella spp
C. Plesiomonas spp
D. Campylobacter spp
Correct Answer: (C) Plesiomonas spp
Q85. There is no involvement of blood in the transport of gases in
A. Fish
B. Human
C. Reptiles
D. Cockroach
Correct Answer: (D) Cockroach
Q86. What is the level of herd immunity for prevention of diphtheria epidemic
A. 30 %
B. 70%
C. 50 %
D. 25 %
Correct Answer: (B) 70%
Q87. Polio usually affects
A. Children between 0 to 5 years
B. Adolescents between 10 and 15 years
C. Young adults
D. Elderly
Correct Answer: (A) Children between 0 to 5 years
Q88. Cholera is caused by a
A. Bacterium
B. Virus
C. Fungus
D. Protozoa
Correct Answer: (A) Bacterium
Q89. Diphtheria is a contagious and sometimes fatal infection of the upper respiratory tract caused by the bacteria *Corynebacterium diphtheriae*. Which of the following is the usual method by which diphtheria is spread
A. Droplets of moisture coughed into the air
B. Feces and urine
C. Physical contact
D. Sexual activity
Correct Answer: (A) Droplets of moisture coughed into the air
Q90. Which of the following infections can be diagnosed using a skin test similar to the tuberculin test
A. Histoplasmosis
B. Cryptococcosis
C. Blastomycosis
D. Aspergillosis
Correct Answer: (D) Aspergillosis
Q91. World Health Organisation recommended a control strategy for TB known as
A. DOTS
B. Gene therapy
C. Morphine
D. MCT
Correct Answer: (A) DOTS
Q92. What is the major source of infection of diphtheria
A. Cases
B. Carrier
C. Cases and carrier
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: (B) Carrier
Q93. Which of the following people likely do develop bacterial meningitis
A. An obese women
B. A new born baby
C. A college student
D. Any of the above
Correct Answer: (B) A new born baby
Q94. Which of these is a common cause of diarrhea
A. Contaminated food or water
B. Viral infection
C. Intolerance to milk
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Q95. All ebola outbreaks as yet have been reported from
A. South America
B. North America
C. Africa
D. Asia
Correct Answer: (C) Africa
Q96. Ebola virus disease is a type of
A. Viral hemorrhagic fever
B. Plague
C. Avian influenza
D. Viral respiratory illness
Correct Answer: (A) Viral hemorrhagic fever
Q97. Which one of these is not the common laboratory test for the diagnosis and identification of *Helicobacter pylori*?
A. Biopsy test
B. Urease breath test
C. Stool antigen test
D. Urine test
Correct Answer: (D) Urine test
Q98. Which of the following is an fungal meningitis
A. Tuberculous meningitis
B. Crytococcal meningitis
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: (B) Crytococcal meningitis
Q99. The defective satellite virus is
A. Hepatitis B
B. Hepatitis C
C. Hepatitis D
D. Hepatitis A
Correct Answer: (C) Hepatitis D
Q100. Which of the following occurs during the acute stages of poliovirus infection
A. Encephalitis
B. Post-poliomyelitis syndrome
C. Asthma
D. Ischemic stroke
Correct Answer: (A) Encephalitis
Q101. In 1955, the person who invented the Polio vaccine was
A. Hiram Maxim
B. Theodore Roosevelt
C. Jonas Salk
D. Joseph Stalin
Correct Answer: (C) Jonas Salk
Q102. Which of the following hepatitis viruses is not RNA virus
A. Hepatitis A virus
B. Hepatitis B virus
C. Hepatitis E virus
D. Hepatitis G virus
Correct Answer: (B) Hepatitis B virus
Q103. What is the incubation period of diphtheria
A. 5-10 days
B. 14-21 days
C. 2-5 days
D. 2-13 days
Correct Answer: (C) 2-5 days
Q104. Death from cholera results from which of the following mechanisms
A. Loss of salt and water through the intestine
B. Shutdown of major bodily organs
C. Fatal heart arrhythmia
D. Suffocation from lungs filling with fluid
Correct Answer: (A) Loss of salt and water through the intestine
Q105. Which percentage of people with severe cholera will die if not treated appropriately
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 35%
D. More than 50%
Correct Answer: (D) More than 50%
Q106. Name a causal organism that is responsible for causing TB
A. Bacteria
B. Virus
C. Protozoa
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: (A) Bacteria
Q107. Hepatocellular carcinoma may be caused by
A. Hepatitis A virus
B. Hepatitis C virus
C. Both a and b
D. None of these
Correct Answer: (C) Both a and b
Q108. What makes TB hard to diagnose
A. Symptoms aren’t always obvious
B. Symptoms come and go
C. The disease may take years to become active
D. Both a and b
Correct Answer: (D) Both a and b
Q109. Causative agent of diphtheria
A. Bordetella pertussis
B. Corynebacterium diphtheria
C. Rubeola virus
D. Rabdovirus
Correct Answer: (B) Corynebacterium diphtheria
Q110. What are the symptoms of active TB
A. Weight loss
B. Night sweats
C. Loss of appetite
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Q111. Inflammation of brain parenchyma refers to
A. Bacterial meningitis
B. Myelitis
C. Bacterial encephalitis
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: (C) Bacterial encephalitis
Q112. Which of the following means of transmission of Ebola is rare, if it occurs at all
A. Aerosol transmission
B. Contact with semen of an infected person
C. Contact with infected blood
D. Contact with a deceased person who was infected
Correct Answer: (A) Aerosol transmission
Q113. People at risk of developing cholera include
A. People with low immunity
B. People with blood group A
C. Young adults
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: (A) People with low immunity
Q114. All of the following viruses are enveloped except
A. Hepatitis A virus
B. Hepatitis B virus
C. Hepatitis C virus
D. Hepatitis D virus
Correct Answer: (A) Hepatitis A virus
Q115. What is the drug choice for treatment of carrier of diphtheria
A. Penicillin
B. Erythromycin
C. Anti-toxoid
D. DPT vaccine
Correct Answer: (B) Erythromycin
Q116. Double layered thin membranous sacs which covers the lung are called
A. Bronchioles
B. Bronchi
C. Bronchus
D. Pleura
Correct Answer: (D) Pleura
Q117. Which of the following is not directly connected to the nasopharynx
A. Middle ear
B. Oropharynx
C. Lacrimal glands
D. Nasal cavity
Correct Answer: (C) Lacrimal glands
Q118. The first person who discovered Mycobacterium tuberculosis was
A. Louis Pasteur
B. Robert Koch
C. Edward Jenner
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: (B) Robert Koch
Q119. Which of the following virulence factors may be associated with the pathogenesis of infection caused by Helicobacter pylori
A. Flagella
B. Lipopolysaccharides
C. Exotoxins
D. Endotoxins
Correct Answer: (D) Endotoxins
Q120. Vertical transmission may be seen in
A. Hepatitis B virus
B. Hepatitis C virus
C. Hepatitis D virus
D. All of these
Correct Answer: (D) All of these
Q121. Diarrhea is caused by ___
A. Bacteria
B. Viruses
C. Protozoa
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Q122. About 3% people with diphtheria die. Which of the following scenarios does not increase the risk of dying from diphtheria
A. Diphtheria that affects the heart
B. Diphtheria that affects the skin
C. Diphtheria that develops in children under 15
D. A delay in seeking medical treatment
Correct Answer: (B) Diphtheria that affects the skin
Q123. Haemophilus influenza is responsible for meningitis in which category of people
A. Neonates
B. Extremely aged people
C. Infants and children
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: (C) Infants and children
Q124. How is TB treated
A. Antiviral medicines
B. Antibiotics
C. Surgery
D. Chemotherapy
Correct Answer: (B) Antibiotics