Pharmacology 1 Important Questions are most helpful for the B.Pharm 4th semester examination. You can also download the suggestions PDF.
Introduction to Pharmacology
Very Short Answer Questions
1. Define the terms pharmacology and pharmacovigilance.
2. Give a suitable example of an agonist.
3. What are receptors?
4. What do you mean by idiosyncrasy?
5. Write the types of drug action.
Short Answer Questions
1. Write the sources of drugs.
2. Explain the nature of drugs.
3. What are the factors that affect the route of administration?
4. Give a short note on drug addiction.
5. Classify routes of administration.
Long Answer Questions
1. Write the scope of pharmacology.
2. Explain the types of drug action.
3. What are the different routes of administration and factors affecting them?
4. Define the term tolerance and what are its different types?
Pharmacokinetics
Very Short Answer Questions
1. Define the term pharmacokinetics.
2. Who gave the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane?
3. Explain the bioavailability of a drug.
4. What are prodrugs?
5. Define first-pass metabolism of a drug.
Short Answer Questions
1. Write the functions of the biological membrane.
2. What are the factors that affect drug bioavailability?
3. Write a short note on the volume of distribution.
4. Explain plasma protein binding of a drug.
5. Discuss the organs involved in drug metabolism briefly.
6. Explain the kinetics of elimination.
7. What are the phases of drug metabolism?
Long Answer Questions
1. Discuss the absorption of drugs.
2. What are the factors that affect drug distribution?
3. Explain the process of excretion.
4. Discuss the following:
i) Enzyme induction.
ii) Enzyme inhibition.
5. Write the factors that affect the metabolism of drugs.
Pharmacodynamics
Very Short Answer Questions
1. Define the term pharmacodynamics.
2. What are symporters and antiporters?
3. Write an example of ligand-gated ion channels (ionotropic receptors).
4. Define drug interactions.
5. What is mutation?
Short Answer Questions
1. Define receptors and classify them.
2. Explain the regulation of receptors.
3. Draw and explain the dose-response curve (DRC) for two hypothetical drugs.
4. Discuss the combined effect of drugs with some suitable examples.
5. What are the types of adverse drug reactions?
6. Explain drug interactions and classify them.
7. Define lethal dose (LD50) and effective dose (ED50).
Long Answer Questions
1. Discuss receptors with their properties and also give the functions of receptors.
2. Explain the drug-receptor interaction theories.
3. What are adverse drug reactions and also give their types?
4. Write a note on the dose-response curve.
Drug Discovery and Clinical Evaluation
Very Short Answer Questions
1. Define the term pharmacovigilance.
2. Name five methods that help in the foundation of a research program in the pharmaceutical industry.
3. What are the phases of clinical trials?
4. What is lead optimisation?
Short Answer Questions
1. Explain the drug discovery phase.
2. What are the types of phase I trials?
3. Write the categories of preclinical development.
4. Write a short note on pharmacovigilance.
Long Answer Questions
1. Discuss clinical evaluation of new drugs.
2. Write a note on drug discovery.
3. Explain the phases of clinical trials.
Peripheral Nervous System and Neurotransmitters
Very Short Answer Questions
1. What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
2. Write the parts of the parasympathetic nervous system.
3. Define the term synapse.
4. What are neurotransmitters?
5. Write the parts of the sympathetic nervous system.
Short Answer Questions
1. Write the differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
2. Classify neurotransmitters.
3. Explain neurohumoral transmission.
4. Write the functions of the autonomic nervous system.
5. What are the functions of neurohumoral transmitters?
Long Answer Questions
1. Write the steps involved in neurohumoral transmission.
2. Discuss the organization of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
3. What are the functions of the autonomic nervous system?
Drugs Acting on the Cholinergic System
Very Short Answer Questions
1. Write two major constituents of acetylcholine.
2. What are parasympathomimetic drugs?
3. Define anticholinesterase poisoning.
4. What are the symptoms of nicotine poisoning?
5. Explain anti-muscarinic agents.
Short Answer Questions
1. What are cholinergic drugs? Classify them.
2. Write a short note on cholinergic drugs.
3. Explain the biosynthesis of acetylcholine.
4. Discuss the storage, release, and metabolism of acetylcholine.
5. Classify anticholinergic drugs with examples.
Long Answer Questions
1. Write about the biosynthesis, storage, release, and metabolism of acetylcholine.
2. Discuss cholinergic receptors in detail.
3. Explain the pharmacology of anticholinesterase drugs.
4. Write a note on anti-muscarinic drugs and their treatment.
Drugs Acting on the Adrenergic System
Very Short Answer Questions
1. Define catecholamine.
2. What are adrenergic drugs?
3. What are the adverse effects of beta-blockers?
4. Write the adverse effects produced by labetalol.
5. Define alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drugs.
Short Answer Questions
1. Write the biosynthesis of catecholamines.
2. Discuss sympathomimetic drugs and classify them.
3. Define the mechanism of action of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs.
4. Give the classification of antiadrenergic drugs.
5. What are adrenergic receptors?
Long Answer Questions
1. Discuss adrenergic transmission in detail.
2. Give the mechanism of action, pharmacological actions, and therapeutic uses of sympatholytic drugs.
3. Write a note on adrenergic drugs.
Neurohumoral Transmission in CNS
Very Short Answer Questions
1. Define neuromediators.
2. Give examples of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators.
3. Write the types of GABA receptors.
4. What are peptides?
Short Answer Questions
1. What are the uses of glycine?
2. Write the significant functions related to 5-HT pathways.
3. Write a short note on nitric oxide.
4. Give the important pathways of dopaminergic systems.
Long Answer Questions
1. Write a note on glutamate and glycine.
2. Explain neurohumoral transmission in the CNS.
Concept of Anaesthesia
Very Short Answer Questions
1. Give the names of drugs used as pre-anaesthetics.
2. Define inhalation anaesthetics.
3. What are local anaesthetic agents?
4. Write the various methods for the administration of general anaesthetics.
Short Answer Questions
1. Define general anaesthetics. Classify them.
2. Write the complications of general anaesthetics.
3. Discuss the aims of pre-anaesthetic medication.
4. Explain local anaesthetic agents and also give their mechanism of action.
5. Give the classification of local anaesthetic agents.
Long Answer Questions
1. Mention the stages, mechanism of action, and pharmacokinetics of general anaesthetics.
2. Explain the stages of anaesthesia.
3. Write the theories of general anaesthesia.
Sedatives and Hypnotics
Very Short Answer Questions
1. Define sedative drugs.
2. What are hypnotic drugs?
3. Write the adverse effects of benzodiazepines.
4. Give the mechanism of action of ethyl alcohol.
Short Answer Questions
1. Write the classification of sedatives and hypnotics.
2. Give a short note on ethyl alcohol.
3. Discuss acute and chronic alcoholism.
4. Explain methyl alcohol.
Long Answer Questions
1. Discuss alcohols and disulfiram in detail.
2. Write the physiology of sleep.
Anti epileptic Agents
Very Short Answer Questions
1. Define antiepileptic drugs.
2. What is epilepsy?
3. Write the uses of phenytoin.
4. What are the adverse effects of clonazepam?
5. Give any two drug interactions of sodium valproate.
Short Answer Questions
1. Write the classification of antiepileptic drugs.
2. Give the adverse effects and therapeutic uses of gabapentin.
3. Define carbamazepine and also give its mechanism of action.
4. Discuss the uses and pharmacokinetics of phenytoin.
Long Answer Questions
1. Write a note on antiepileptics.
2. Give the mechanism of action, uses, and adverse effects of phenobarbitone and sodium valproate.
Skeletal Muscle Relaxant
Very Short Answer Questions
1. Name the drugs used in myasthenia gravis.
2. Define glaucoma.
3. Write the edrophonium test.
4. What are depolarising agents?
Short Answer Questions
1. Give the classification of skeletal muscle relaxants.
2. What is glaucoma, and what are its types?
3. Differentiate between centrally and peripherally acting muscle relaxants.
4. Write the classification of centrally acting muscle relaxants.
Long Answer Questions
1. What are skeletal muscle relaxants? Classify them with their examples.
2. Write a note on drugs used in glaucoma and myasthenia gravis.
Physopharmacological Agents
Very Short Answer Questions
1. Define antipsychotic drugs.
2. What are antidepressant drugs?
3. Write the pharmacokinetics of lithium.
4. What are hallucinogens?
5. Mention the drugs used in Parkinson’s disease.
6. Define tolerance and dependence.
Short Answer Questions
1. What are opioid analgesics? Classify them.
2. Write a short note on nootropics.
3. Give the classification of CNS stimulants.
4. Explain Alzheimer’s disease.
5. Define antianxiety agents. Classify them.
Long Answer Questions
1. Mention the classification, pharmacokinetics, and mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs.
2. Give a note on anti-manic drugs.
3. Explain the drugs used in Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease.
4. Discuss antidepressant drugs.