Medicinal Chemistry 1 Important Questions are most helpful for the B.Pharm 5th semester examination. You can also download the suggestions PDF.
Introduction, History, and Development of Medicinal Chemistry
Short Answer Questions
1. Define medicinal chemistry.
2. Why is medicinal chemistry important to study for drug development?
3. Write the names of different interlinked branches of chemistry with medicinal chemistry.
4. What do you mean by future medicine?
5. Highlight the importance of medicinal chemistry.
6. Define receptor.
7. What do you mean by GPCRs?
Long Answer Questions
1. Elaborate on the history of medicinal chemistry in brief.
2. Write and explain the names of scientists and their discoveries.
3. Explain G-Protein-Coupled Receptors and their mechanism.
4. Classify heterocyclic compounds with at least one example.
Physicochemical Properties in Relation to Biological Action
Short Answer Questions
1. Define hydrogen bonding.
2. Define the following terms: bioisosterism, geometrical isomerism, ligands.
3. Highlight types of protein binding.
4. Give two examples of non-classical bioisosteres.
Long Answer Questions
1. Describe various physicochemical properties involved in drug action.
2. Why is solubility an important factor for drug action?
3. Explain classifications of bioisosterism.
4. Highlight the importance of the ionization process in drug metabolism.
5. How many types of bonding are involved in drug metabolism? Specify the importance of these bondings.
6. Write in detail the importance of bioisosterism in drug action.
Drug Metabolism
Short Answer Questions
1. Define enzymatic biotransformation.
2. What are functionalization reactions?
3. Define Phase II reactions.
4. Write an example of oxidation at an allylic carbon atom type reaction.
5. Elaborate on hydrolysis reaction in Phase I of drug metabolism.
6. What do you mean by methylation?
7. Highlight amino acid conjugation.
8. Elaborate on factors affecting drug metabolism.
Long Answer Questions
1. Explain Phase I reactions in drug metabolism.
2. Explain Phase II reactions in drug metabolism.
3. Explain acetylation reactions with examples.
4. Elaborate briefly on factors affecting drug metabolism.
5. Explain various enzymes involved in drug metabolism and their importance.
Drugs Acting on Automatic Nervous System
Short Answer Questions
1. Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of tyrosine to DOPA?
2. Write the names of enzymes that cause catabolism of catecholamines.
3. Write the names of COMT and MAO.
4. Write in short the pharmacological function of \(\alpha_1\) and \(\beta_2\) receptors.
5. What will be the effect if both hydroxyl groups are removed from catecholamine in the structure-activity relationship of agonist drugs?
6. Give the structure and IUPAC name of phenylephrine.
7. Write down the use and mechanism of action of dopamine.
8. Write a few examples of mixed-action sympathetic drugs with structures.
9. Enumerate the biosynthesis of noradrenaline and write the uses of sympathomimetics.
Long Answer Questions
1. Explain the structure-activity relationship of adrenergic agonist drugs.
2. Explain the medicinal function and mechanism of action of:
• Terbutaline
• Salbutamol
• Naphazoline
3. Outline the chemical classification of adrenergic drugs. Discuss their mechanism of action. Comment on the essential structural features required for the optimum activity of such drugs.
4. Write down the synthesis and uses of salbutamol and phenylephrine.
5. Outline the indirect-acting adrenergic agents.
6. Explain the structure-activity relationship of sympathomimetic agents.
7. Write down the structure and uses of epinephrine, ephedrine, clonidine, and terbutaline.
Adrenergic Blockers
Short Answer Questions
1. Define adrenergic blockers.
2. Highlight two examples of non-selective alpha (\(\alpha\)) adrenergic blockers with structures.
3. Comment on beta adrenergic blockers.
4. Write in short the medicinal function of phenoxybenzamine.
5. What will be the effect if the carbon chain is removed from catecholamine in the structure-activity relationship of adrenergic blockers?
6. All catecholamines possess a …… nucleus.
7. Write down the structures of atenolol, phentolamine, propranolol, and prazosin.
8. Draw the structure and write the IUPAC name of propranolol.
9. …… and …… enzymes are important in the biotransformation of catecholamines.
10. Write down the properties, mechanism of action, and uses of metoprolol.
11. Write properties and mechanism of action of (6R, 9R)-N-[(2S)-1-Hydroxybutan-2-yl]-4,7-dimethyl-6, 6a, 8,9-tetrahydroindolo[4,3-fg] quinoline-9-carboxamide?
12. Give a detailed account of tolazoline.
Long Answer Questions
1. Define adrenergic blockers. Discuss the chemistry and SAR of \(\beta\)-adrenergic blocking agents with examples.
2. Enumerate ergot alkaloids as adrenergic blockers. Comment on the essential structural features required for the optimum activity of such drugs.
3. Write in detail the SAR of aryloxy propanolamines.
4. Highlight the classification with structures and medicinal uses of alpha (\(\alpha\)) adrenergic blockers.
5. Give a detailed account of the synthesis and uses of tolazoline and propranolol.
6. What are beta adrenergic blockers? Explain the SAR of beta adrenergic blockers. Give the synthesis of propranolol.
Para-sympathomimetic Drugs
Short Answer Questions
1. Write in short about \( M_1 \) and \( M_2 \) receptors.
2. Define the cholinergic system and its functions.
3. How is Ach made? How is it deactivated?
4. Highlight direct-acting Ach agonists.
5. What will happen in SAR studies if the ethylene bridge is extended in Ach drugs?
6. What are cholinergic receptors? Classify them.
7. Elaborate on the uses of edrophonium chloride and malathion.
8. Write a note on direct-acting drugs.
9. Write any two anticholinesterase drugs.
10. Highlight in short the release of Ach.
11. Write a short paragraph about the nicotinic receptor.
12. Write any two irreversible indirect-acting parasympathomimetic drugs.
Long Answer Questions
1. Explain acetylcholine biosynthesis, storage, and catabolism.
2. Explain the classification of parasympathomimetic agents.
3. Classify muscarinic receptors.
4. Highlight the structure-activity relationship of parasympathomimetic agents.
5. Elaborate on the chemical reaction of synthesis and uses of neostigmine bromide.
6. Write down the structure and uses of: carbachol, pyridostigmine, and pilocarpine.
7. Give the synthesis of:
a) Neostigmine
b) Carbachol
Cholinergic Blocking Agents
Short Answer Questions
1. Define anticholinergic drugs.
2. Write two examples of synthetic amino-alcohol ester drugs.
3. Write the MOA and uses of ipratropium bromide.
4. Write the IUPAC name of tropicamide.
5. Draw the structure of the following drugs: ipratropium, atropine, glycopyrrolate, procyclidine hydrochloride.
6. Highlight solanaceous alkaloids and their analogues.
7. Write the structure and uses of atropine sulphate.
8. Write the MOA of scopolamine hydrobromide.
9. What effect will be on the SAR of synthetic cholinergic blocking agents if two phenyl groups are present, as compared to one phenyl and one cyclohexyl group?
10. Give the IUPAC name and chemical structure of dicyclomine hydrochloride, atropine sulphate, and propantheline bromide.
Long Answer Questions
1. Give a detailed account of solanaceous alkaloids.
2. Explain the clinical uses of anticholinergic drugs.
3. Give ca lassification of anticholinergic drugs with examples and write the mode of action and uses. Outline the synthesis of procyclidine hydrochloride anticholinergic drugs.
4. Give a comprehensive account of the SAR of anticholinergic drugs.
5. What are the differences between cholinergic agonists and antagonists? Discuss the chemistry of ipratropium bromide.
6. Give the synthesis of:
a) Ipratropium bromide
b) Dicyclomine hydrochloride
c) Procyclidine hydrochloride
Drugs Acting on the Central Nervous System, Sedatives and Hypnotics
Short Answer Questions
1. Define both the terms: sedative and hypnotics.
2. Write down a few examples of short-acting barbiturates.
3. What happens if both hydrogen atoms at the 5th position are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups in barbiturates?
4. What will be the effect in the structure-activity relationship of barbiturates if the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulphur atom?
5. What effect will be on benzodiazepines if the 7th position of ring A is replaced with halogens?
6. Write the IUPAC name of the following drugs:
• Barbital
• Butabarbital
• Chlordiazepoxide
• Diazepam
• Lorazepam
• Zolpidem
• Glutethimide
7. Write the mechanism of action of zolpidem.
8. Draw the structure of the following drugs:
• Alprazolam
• Clorazepate
• Medazepam
• Mephobarbital
• Ethchlorvynol
Long Answer Questions
1. What are sedative and hypnotic drugs? Classify them. Explain the SAR of benzodiazepines.
2. Explain the clinical importance of sedative hypnotics.
3. Write in detail the structure-activity relationship of barbiturates.
4. Write the synthesis and uses of diazepam and barbital.
5. Write down the structure and uses of zolpidem, glutethimide, secobarbital, diazepam, and phenobarbital.
Antipsychotics
Short Answer Questions
1. What are antipsychotics? Give their classification.
2. Write a note on ring analogues of phenothiazines.
3. Write a note on phenothiazines.
4. Give the structure and uses of:
a) Haloperidol
b) Promazine hydrochloride
c) Thiothixene
5. Explain the MOA of antipsychotics.
Long Answer Questions
1. Explain the SAR of phenothiazines with examples.
2. Give the synthesis, MOA, properties, and uses of chlorpromazine hydrochloride.
3. Classify antipsychotics giving suitable examples.
4. Give the structure, MOA, properties, and uses of:
a) Droperidol
b) Clozapine
c) Trifluoperazine hydrochloride
Anticonvulsants
Short Answer Questions
1. Define epilepsy.
2. What do you mean by tonic-clonic seizures?
3. Differentiate between generalized seizures and partial seizures.
4. Write down the IUPAC name of the following drugs:
– Phenytoin
– Phenobarbitone
– Carbamazepine
– Valproic acid
5. Define the MOA of antiepileptic drugs.
6. Give the classification of anticonvulsants.
Long Answer Questions
1. What are anticonvulsant drugs? Give their classification.
2. Explain the SAR of anticonvulsants.
3. Write down the structure and uses of:
a) Phenacemide
b) Clonazepam
c) Primidone
4. Give the synthesis of:
a) Carbamazepine
b) Phenytoin
c) Ethosuximide
General Anaesthetic
Short Answer Questions
1. Define inhalation anesthetics.
2. Write the chemical formula and uses of diethyl ether.
3. Write down the IUPAC names of the following drugs:
• Isoflurane
• Sevoflurane
• Halothane
• Ketamine
• Thiopental sodium
4. Write in short the mechanism of action of general anesthetics.
5. Highlight dissociative anesthetics.
6. Elaborate on the clinical uses of thiamylal sodium.
Long Answer Questions
1. Explain inhalation-type anesthetics with their mechanism of action.
2. Classify general anesthetics with at least one example of each category.
3. Explain the drug methohexital with chemical structure, mode of action, and its synthesis.
4. Write in detail about ketamine hydrochloride.
5. Elaborate on the chemical reaction for the synthesis of methohexital sodium, halothane, and ketamine hydrochloride.
Narcotic and Non-narcotic Analgesics
Short Answer Questions
1. What is the difference between narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics?
2. Highlight narcotic receptors.
3. Classify narcotic analgesics.
4. Write in short about the mechanism of action of opioids.
5. Write the IUPAC names of the following drugs:
– Morphine
– Codeine
– Fentanyl citrate
– Loperamide
– Pentazocine
6. Write the chemical synthesis of methadone.
Long Answer Questions
1. Write a note on the chemistry of morphine.
2. Explain SAR studies of morphine and related drugs.
3. Write the IUPAC names, structure, and uses of the following drugs:
– Codeine
– Fentanyl citrate
– Methadone
– Propoxyphene
Narcotic Antagonist
Short Answer Questions
1. What do you mean by pure and partial antagonists of opioids?
2. Write a note on nalorphine and naloxone.
Long Answer Questions
1. Elaborate on narcotic antagonists with their uses. Explain the chemistry, properties, and MOA of nalorphine hydrochloride.
2. Write down the structure, MOA, and uses of:
a) Nalorphine
b) Naloxone
c) Levallorphan tartrate
Anti-inflammatory Agents
Short Answer Questions
1. Elaborate on the term NSAIDs.
2. Highlight adverse effects of NSAIDs.
3. Highlight any two examples of selective COX-2 inhibitors.
4. Write in short the mechanism of action of NSAIDs.
5. Prostaglandins have …… carbon atoms.
6. Name the enzyme which is responsible for the conversion of phospholipids to arachidonic acid.
7. Highlight any two examples of aryl and heteroaryl acetic acid derivatives.
8. Which functional group is important for salicylic acid derivatives?
9. What happens if phenolic hydroxyl groups are substituted at meta or para positions in salicylic acid derivatives?
10. Highlight any example of oxazole derivatives.
11. N-Anthranilic acid derivatives are also called as ……
12. The IUPAC name of aspirin is:
Long Answer Questions
1. Write an explanatory note on the chemical classification of NSAIDs.
2. Write short notes on the following:
• SAR of salicylate derivatives with aspirin properties
• Classification of aryl and heteroaryl acetic acid derivatives
• SAR of indene and indole acetic acids
• SAR of anthranilic acids (fenamates)
• Chemical structure and SAR of 3,5-pyrazolidinediones
• Synthesis of mefenamic acid
3. Write a note on the structure, MOA, and properties of the following drugs:
➤ Sulindac
➤ Zomepirac
➤ Diclofenac
➤ Ibuprofen
➤ Naproxen
➤ Paracetamol
➤ Phenylbutazone