Advanced Instrumentation Technique Important Questions are most helpful for the B.Pharm 8th semester examination. You can also download the suggestions PDF.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Long Answer Questions
1. Discuss chemical shift and factors influencing it. Elaborate on the application of PMR spectroscopy in the study of dynamic properties of organic molecules.
2. Describe the components and principles of an NMR Spectrometer.
3. What is chemical shift? How does it help in structural elucidation? Explain with illustrations.
4. Write the principle, instrumentation, and applications of proton magnetic resonance.
5. Write the principle of PMR and \(^{13}C\)-NMR and its applications.
Short Answer Questions
1. Give a concise account of spin-spin coupling.
2. What is chemical shift? Give an account of deshielding.
3. Describe the components of an NMR Spectrometer.
4. Discuss coupling constant and spin-spin relaxation in NMR Spectroscopy.
5. Write a note on \(^{13}C\)-NMR.
Mass Spectroscopy
Long Answer Questions
1. Discuss the principles involved in Mass Spectrometry. Elaborate on the different ionizers used in MS.
2. Draw a block diagram of MS. Discuss different detectors used in MS.
3. What is MS? Write about mass analyzers used in MS.
4. Write the principle, instrumentation, and applications of MS.
Short Answer Questions
1. Applications of MS.
2. Write a note on MALDI.
3. Components of MS.
4. Electron impact (EI) ionization.
Thermal Methods of Analysis
Long Answer Questions
1. What is Thermal analysis? Discuss the role of thermogravimetry in pharmaceuticals.
2. What is TGA? Explain the principle, instrumentation, and applications of TGA.
3. What is DTA? Explain the principle, instrumentation, and applications of DTA.
4. What is DSC? Explain the principle, instrumentation, and applications of DSC.
Short Answer Questions
1. Types of DSC.
2. Differentiate between TGA and DTA.
3. Block diagram of TGA.
4. Applications of Thermogravimetry.
5. Factors affecting the TGA curve.
X-Ray Diffraction Method
Long Answer Questions
1. What are X-rays? How do they originate? Explain the basic aspects of crystals.
2. How does it explain the lines obtained in the X-ray diffraction powder method?
3. Comment on the instrumentation of an X-ray Diffractometer.
4. Explain X-Ray Diffraction Methods.
5. Explain applications of X-ray diffraction techniques.
Short Answer Questions
1. What are X-rays and how are they generated?
2. What is Bragg’s Law and how can it be used to identify the nature of crystals?
3. Discuss the principle of X-ray crystallography.
4. Write a short note on the Geiger-Muller counter.
5. Explain the crystal monochromator.
Calibration and Validation – as per ICH and USFDA
Long Answer Questions
1. Discuss the parameters of validation as per ICH guidelines.
2. Explain the Cycle of Analytical Methods.
3. Discuss the parameters of validation as per USFDA guidelines.
4. Write in detail about the types of analytical procedures to be validated.
5. Elaborate on the validation of analytical procedures.
Short Answer Questions
1. What is calibration? Write about its importance.
2. Define accuracy and precision.
3. Write methods for the determination of the Limit of Detection.
4. Write methods for the determination of the Limit of Quantitation.
5. Define robustness.
Calibration and Validation
Long Answer Questions
1. Explain the procedure for calibration of a UV spectrophotometer.
2. Explain the procedure for calibration of a GC.
3. Explain the procedure for calibration of an electronic balance.
4. Write in detail about equipment validation.
5. Explain the procedure for calibration of an HPLC.
Short Answer Questions
1. What is calibration? Why is it important to calibrate instruments frequently?
2. Definition of calibration as per ICH.
3. Write a schedule for calibration of analytical instruments.
4. What is validation as per USP?
5. What are the parameters for calibration of flame photometry?
Radioimmunoassay
Long Answer Questions
1. What is RIA? Discuss the principle, working, and limitations of RIA.
2. Explain the methods of RIA.
3. Elaborate on various components of RIA.
Short Answer Questions
1. Advantages and disadvantages of RIA.
2. Applications of RIA.
3. Separation techniques in RIA.
4. Working steps in RIA.
Extraction Techniques
Long Answer Questions
1. Discuss the general procedure involved in liquid-liquid extraction.
2. Explain the principle involved in solid-phase extraction.
3. Explain the principle involved in liquid-liquid extraction.
4. Discuss the choice of solvent used in liquid-liquid extraction.
5. Explain techniques used in liquid-liquid extraction.
Short Answer Questions
1. Write about milestones in the development of solid-phase extraction.
2. Explain the procedure involved in solid-phase extraction.
3. Comment on solid-phase extraction and chromatography.
4. Enlist applications of solid-phase extraction.
5. Enlist applications of liquid-liquid extraction.
Hyphenated Techniques
Long Answer Questions
1. Explain LC-MS/MS Method Development.
2. Explain instrumentation and applications of GC-MS/MS.
3. Write in detail about the HPTLC-MS technique.
4. Explain instrumentation and applications of LC-MS/MS.
5. Explain in detail: Why have hyphenated techniques received ever-increasing attention in recent years?
Short Answer Questions
1. What is meant by hyphenated techniques?
2. Advantages of LC-MS/MS.
3. What kind of precautions should be taken in GC-MS/MS instrumentation?
4. Comment on the principle of HPTLC-MS.
5. Applications of hyphenated techniques.