Biostatistics and Research Methodology B.Pharm 8th Semester Books

BIOSTATISTICS AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (Final Year BPharm Semester 8)

Author’s Name	Prof. Chandrakant Kokare
Editions	Latest Edition
Publishers	Nirali Prakashan

Research Methodology & Biostatistics

Author’s Name	Sharma Suresh
Editions	First Edition
Publishers	Elsevier India

FUNDAMENTALS OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS FOR B PHARM 8TH SEMESTER

Author’s Name	DR. ZEESHAN AFSAR, MRS. SNEHA PRAKASH V, MRS. SHANTIYA K
Editions	Latest Edition
Publishers	S VIKAS AND COMPANY (PV)

Biostatistics and Research Methodology Topic-wise Summary

Introduction

1. Statistics
   
2. Biostatistics
   
3. Frequency distribution

Measures of Central Tendency

1. Mean – Pharmaceutical examples
   
2. Median – Pharmaceutical examples
   
3. Mode – Pharmaceutical examples

Measures of Dispersion

1. Dispersion
   
2. Range
   
3. Standard deviation – Pharmaceutical problems

Correlation

1. Definition
   
2. Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation
   
3. Multiple correlation – Pharmaceutical examples

Regression

1. Curve fitting by the method of least squares
   
2. Fitting the lines
   
   • y=a+bxy = a + bx
     
   • x=a+byx = a + by
     
3. Multiple regression
   
4. Standard error of regression – Pharmaceutical examples

Probability

1. Definition of probability
   
2. Distributions:
   
   • Binomial distribution
     
   • Normal distribution
     
   • Poisson’s distribution
     
3. Properties and problems

Sampling Concepts

1. Sample and Population
   
2. Large sample and Small sample
   
3. Null hypothesis and Alternative hypothesis
   
4. Sampling and Essence of sampling
   
5. Types of sampling
   
6. Errors
   
   • Type I error
     
   • Type II error
     
7. Standard error of mean (SEM) – Pharmaceutical examples

Parametric Tests

1. t-test
   
   • Sample
     
   • Pooled or Unpaired
     
   • Paired
     
2. ANOVA
   
   • One-way ANOVA
     
   • Two-way ANOVA
     
3. Least Significant Difference (LSD)

Non-Parametric Tests

1. Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
   
2. Mann-Whitney U Test
   
3. Kruskal-Wallis Test
   
4. Friedman Test

Introduction to Research

1. Need for research
   
2. Need for design of experiments
   
3. Experimental design techniques
   
4. Plagiarism
   

Graphs

1. Histogram
   
2. Pie chart
   
3. Cubic graph
   
4. Response surface plot
   
5. Contour plot graph

Designing the Methodology

1. Sample size determination and Power of a study
   
2. Report writing and Presentation of data
   
3. Protocol design
   
4. Cohort studies
   
5. Observational studies
   
6. Experimental studies
   
7. Designing clinical trials
   
8. Various phases of clinical trials

Blocking and Confounding System

• For two-level factorials

Regression Modeling

1. Hypothesis testing in simple regression models
   
2. Hypothesis testing in multiple regression models

Introduction to Practical Components of Industrial and Clinical Trials

1. Statistical analysis using:
   
   • Excel
     
   • SPSS
     
   • MINITAB®
     
   • Design of Experiments
     
   • R
     
   • Online statistical software for industrial and clinical trial approach

Design and Analysis of Experiments

Factorial Design

1. Definition
   
2. 222^2, 232^3 design
   
3. Advantages of factorial design

Response Surface Methodology

1. Central composite design
   
2. Historical design
   
3. Optimization techniques