Instrumental Methods of Analysis Important Questions are most helpful for the B.Pharm 7th semester examination. You can also download the suggestions PDF.
UV Visible Spectroscopy
Very Short Answer Questions
1) Define and classify chromophores.
2) What do you mean by auxochromes? Give a few examples.
3) Differentiate between bathochromic and hypsochromic shift.
4) What is the effect of conjugation on absorption maxima?
5) Enlist the parts of a spectrophotometer.
6) Give the differences between single-beam and double-beam spectrophotometers.
7) Give the advantages of UV-Vis spectroscopy.
8) Draw a well-labelled diagram of a single-beam UV spectrophotometer.
Short Answer Questions
1) Write a short note on electronic transitions of organic species.
2) What optimum conditions are required for spectrophotometric measurements?
3) What are the different radiation sources used in UV-Vis spectroscopy?
4) Write a short note on a grating monochromator.
5) Write about a double-beam UV spectrophotometer.
6) Demonstrate the working of a double-beam UV spectrophotometer.
7) Name the different detectors used in UV-Vis spectroscopy. Explain any one.
8) Write a note on derivative spectrophotometry.
Long Answer Questions
1) Mention the theory and principle involved in UV-Vis spectroscopy.
2) Give the Beer-Lambert’s law, along with its deviations and limitations.
3) Explain briefly any three multicomponent analysis techniques.
4) Write a detailed note on spectrophotometric titration.
5) Give the instrumentation of a spectrophotometer.
Fluorimetry
Very Short Answer Questions
1) Define fluorimetry and molecular luminescence.
2) What is the principle involved in the working of a photomultiplier tube?
3) What is intersystem crossing?
4) Name the factors affecting fluorescence.
Short Answer Questions
1) Write a short note on excitation and emission spectra.
2) Mention the advantages and disadvantages of fluorimetry.
3) Explain the working of a single-beam fluorimeter along with a well-labelled diagram.
4) What are the different light sources employed by a fluorimeter?
5) Mention the quantitative aspects of a fluorimeter.
Long Answer Questions
1) Briefly explain the effect of different factors on fluorescence.
2) Explain the basic instrumentation of a fluorimeter.
IR Spectroscopy
Very Short Answer Questions
1) Define IR spectroscopy.
2) Give the principle of Infra-red spectroscopy.
3) What is transitional energy?
4) Give examples of some detectors used in IR spectroscopy.
5) Discuss vibrational energy.
Short Answer Questions
1) Define translational and rotational energy.
2) Give the applications of IR spectroscopy.
3) Write a short note on sources of radiation.
4) Write a short note on a monochromator.
Long Answer Questions
1) Explain the theory of IR spectroscopy and the factors influencing vibrational frequencies.
2) Demonstrate the detailed instrumentation of IR spectroscopy.
Flame Photometry
Very Short Answer Questions
1) Define flame photometry.
2) Give the theory of flame photometry.
3) What is the Boltzmann equation?
4) Define atomisers.
5) Define nebulisers.
6) Enlist a few detectors used in flame photometry.
Short Answer Questions
1) Give the detailed principle of flame photometry.
2) Write in detail about the origin of spectra in flame photometry.
3) Give the applications of flame photometry.
4) Write short notes on:
i) Burners
ii) Mirrors
iii) Slits
iv) Fuel and oxidants
Long Answer Questions
1) Give the interferences in flame photometry.
2) Give the instrumentation of flame photometry.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Very Short Answer Questions
1) Define atomic absorption spectroscopy.
2) Give the principle of AAS.
3) Define atomic spectra.
4) What are the common radiation sources used in AAS?
5) Define quantum numbers.
6) What are Grotrian diagrams?
Short Answer Questions
1) Write a short note on the Doppler effect.
2) Define detection limit and sensitivity.
3) Explain flame atomisers.
4) Write a note on a single-beam atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
5) Write a note on a double-beam atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
Long Answer Questions
1) Give the interferences in AAS.
2) Demonstrate the instrumentation of AAS.
3) Briefly write about AAS.
Nepheloturbidimetry
Very Short Answer Questions
1) Define the Tyndall effect.
2) What is turbidity?
3) Define nephelometry.
4) What are the detectors used in nephelometry?
5) Give the theory of turbidimetry.
Short Answer Questions
1) Give the principle of Nephelometry.
2) Write a short note on nephelometers and turbidimeters.
3) Write about the cells used in nepheloturbidimetry.
Long Answer Questions
1) Give the instrumentation of nephelometry and turbidimetry.
2) Give the applications of nephelometry and turbidimetry.
Introduction to Chromatography
Very Short Answer Questions
1) Define chromatography.
2) What is a chromatogram?
3) Define stationary phase.
4) What do you understand by mobile phase?
5) Define retention time.
Short Answer Questions
1) Give the principle of chromatography.
2) Classify chromatography.
3) Write a note on retardation factor.
4) Write a note on column chromatography.
Long Answer Questions
1) Give the theories of chromatography.
2) Briefly explain the development of a chromatogram and chromatogram visualisation.
Column Chromatography
Very Short Answer Questions
1) What is column chromatography?
2) What is ion exchange chromatography?
3) Define isocratic elution.
4) Give any two factors affecting column efficiency in column chromatography.
5) Give the advantages and disadvantages of column chromatography.
6) Name the detectors used in column chromatography. Write about any one of them.
Short Answer Questions
1) Give the theory of column chromatography.
2) Write a note on adsorption and partition column chromatography.
3) Write a note on adsorbents and solvents used in column chromatography.
4) Give the applications of column chromatography.
5) Discuss the methods of column preparation in column chromatography.
Long Answer Questions
1) Give the principle and theory of column chromatography.
2) Briefly explain the methodology of column chromatography.
3) Discuss the types of column chromatography.
Thin Layer Chromatography
Very Short Answer Questions
1) What is TLC?
2) Name the organic adsorbents used in TLC.
3) How are silica gel layers purified in TLC?
4) What is two-dimensional development in a tank?
5) Give any two methods of evaluation of a chromatogram in TLC.
6) How are components recovered in TLC?
7) Give any two applications of TLC.
Short Answer Questions
1) Give the theory of TLC.
2) Write a note on inorganic adsorbents used in TLC.
3) Write a note on the preparation of plates in TLC.
4) Discuss the solvent system used in TLC.
5) How are components detected in TLC?
6) Give the advantages and disadvantages of TLC.
Long Answer Questions
1) Briefly explain the methodology of TLC.
2) Discuss the types of TLC.
3) Write about the applications of TLC.
Paper Chromatography
Very Short Answer Questions
1) What is ‘open form autography’?
2) What is Rf, not R, is that?
3) State the substrates used in paper chromatography.
4) Name any two chemical methods of detection of spots in paper chromatography.
5) Name any two applications of paper chromatography.
6) State the advantages of paper chromatography.
Short Answer Questions
1) State the theory of paper chromatography.
2) Write a note on two-dimensional paper chromatography.
3) Write a note on the choice of filter paper in paper chromatography.
4) Discuss the solvents used in paper chromatography.
5) State the applications of paper chromatography.
Long Answer Questions
1) Briefly explain the methodology of paper chromatography.
2) Discuss the development techniques of paper chromatography.
Electrophoresis
Very Short Answer Questions
1) What is electrophoresis?
2) Give the types of electrophoresis.
3) Give the applications of paper electrophoresis.
4) Draw a well-labelled diagram of the apparatus used in gel electrophoresis.
5) Give the applications of gel electrophoresis.
6) What is electrophoretic mobility?
Short Answer Questions
1) Discuss the factors affecting electrophoretic mobility.
2) Write a note on PAGE.
3) Give the applications of electrophoresis.
4) Write a note on capillary electrophoresis.
5) Discuss agarose gel electrophoresis.
Long Answer Questions
1) Briefly explain the principle of electrophoresis.
2) Discuss the techniques of paper electrophoresis.
3) Write an illustrative note on gel electrophoresis.
Gas Chromatography
Very Short Answer Questions
1) What is gas chromatography?
2) Give the types of gas chromatography.
3) Give the advantages of gas chromatography.
4) Draw a well-labelled diagram of the apparatus used in gas chromatography.
5) Give the objectives of derivatization in gas chromatography.
6) What substrates are used in gas chromatography?
Short Answer Questions
1) Discuss the theory of gas chromatography.
2) Give the quantitative applications of gas chromatography.
3) Write a note on temperature programming.
4) Write a short note on derivatization in gas chromatography.
5) Discuss the columns used in gas chromatography.
Long Answer Questions
1) Briefly explain the detectors used in gas chromatography.
2) Discuss the applications of gas chromatography.
3) Write an illustrative note on the instrumentation of gas chromatography.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Very Short Answer Questions
1) What is HPLC?
2) Define baseline, dead point, and dead volume.
3) Draw a well-labelled diagram of the apparatus used in HPLC.
4) Give the advantages of HPLC.
5) Write about any one sample injection system in HPLC.
6) What is retention time?
Short Answer Questions
1) Discuss the principle of HPLC.
2) Give the types of HPLC.
3) Write a note on the pumps used in HPLC.
4) Discuss the columns used in HPLC.
5) Write a short note on solvent selection in HPLC.
Long Answer Questions
1) Briefly explain the detectors used in HPLC.
2) Discuss the applications of HPLC.
3) Write an illustrative note on the instrumentation of HPLC.
Ion Exchange Chromatography
Very Short Answer Questions
1) What is ion exchange chromatography?
2) Classify ion exchange resins.
3) What are cation exchangers?
4) Name the factors affecting ion exchange.
5) What are inorganic ion exchangers?
Short Answer Questions
1) Discuss cation exchange chromatography.
2) Write a note on cation and anion exchangers.
3) Discuss the properties of ion exchange resins.
4) Discuss the factors affecting ion exchange.
Long Answer Questions
1) Briefly explain the mechanism of the ion exchange process.
2) Discuss the applications of ion exchange chromatography.
3) Write an illustrative note on the methodology of ion exchange chromatography.
Gel Chromatography
Very Short Answer Questions
1) What is gel chromatography?
2) Draw a well-labelled diagram of the apparatus used in gel chromatography.
3) What is retention volume?
4) Name the different components used as a matrix in gel chromatography.
5) What are the column parameters in gel chromatography?
Short Answer Questions
1) Discuss the theory of gel chromatography.
2) Write a note on the matrix choice in gel chromatography.
3) Discuss the separation mechanism of gel chromatography.
Long Answer Questions
1) Discuss the applications of gel chromatography.
2) Write an illustrative note on the instrumentation of gel chromatography.
Affinity Chromatography
Very Short Answer Questions
1) What is affinity chromatography?
2) Give the advantages of affinity chromatography.
3) How is a sample prepared in affinity chromatography?
4) Give the outline of affinity purification.
Short Answer Questions
1) Discuss the principle and theory of affinity chromatography.
2) Write a note on the ligand used in affinity chromatography.
3) Discuss the spacer arm in affinity chromatography.
Long Answer Questions
1) Discuss the applications of affinity chromatography.
2) Write an illustrative note on the methodology of affinity chromatography.