Download D.Pharm 2nd Year Biochemistry and Clinical Pathology Important Questions PDF.
Introduction and Scope of Biochemistry
Long Answer Questions
1. Explain the various roles of biochemistry in different fields.
2. Define biochemistry. Explain the role of biochemistry in the field of pharmacy.
3. Define a cell. Explain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in detail with a neat, labeled diagram.
Short Answer Questions
1. Explain the importance of biochemistry.
2. Explain the role of biochemistry in the pharmacy field.
3. Explain briefly about a cell.
4. Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
5. Describe the composition of the cell wall in various organisms.
6. Explain the various parts of eukaryotic cells.
7. Explain the various parts of prokaryotic cells.
Carbohydrates
Long Answer Questions
1. Define carbohydrates. Classify them with examples. Explain a few qualitative tests for carbohydrates.
2. Explain the physical and chemical properties of carbohydrates. Discuss the biological role of carbohydrates.
3. Explain monosaccharides with their classification. Write a note on glucose, fructose, and galactose.
4. Explain disaccharides. Write a note on maltose, lactose, and sucrose.
5. Explain polysaccharides. Write a note on starch and glycogen.
Short Answer Questions
1. Explain the physical and chemical properties of carbohydrates.
2. Explain the biological role of carbohydrates.
3. Write the structure of fructose, maltose, and glucose.
4. Write the principle and procedure for Molisch’s test and Benedict’s test.
5. What are reducing and non-reducing sugars? Give two examples for each. Write the test to distinguish them.
6. Explain polysaccharides with an example.
7. Define disaccharides and write the structure of sucrose and maltose.
8. Explain mutarotation and furfural formation.
9. Write the structure of glucose and fructose. Write a test to distinguish them.
10. Write the structure of glycogen and starch.
11. Explain why sucrose is non-reducing and invert sugar.
12. Explain starch with their uses.
13. Explain glycogen with their uses.
14. Explain Bial’s test and Seliwanoff’s test for carbohydrates.
Proteins
Long Answer Questions
1. Define proteins. Classify them with examples. Describe the chemical nature of proteins.
2. Define amino acids. Classify them with examples. Discuss the general properties of amino acids.
3. Explain deficiency diseases caused by lack of proteins.
4. Explain qualitative tests for amino acids and proteins.
5. Explain the structures of proteins.
Short Answer Questions
1. Describe the chemical nature of proteins.
2. Discuss the general properties of amino acids.
3. Classify amino acids based on their chemical nature.
4. Classify amino acids based on nutritional requirements.
5. Explain the primary and secondary structures of proteins.
6. Explain the Sakaguchi and Biuret tests.
7. Discuss the functions of essential and non-essential amino acids.
8. Write a note on Kwashiorkor and Marasmus.
9. Explain the biological role of proteins.
Lipids
Long Answer Questions
1. Define and classify lipids with examples.
2. Give the structure and properties of triglycerides.
3. Explain qualitative tests and functions of lipids.
4. Explain lipoproteins and their functions.
Short Answer Questions
1. Write a note on fatty acids.
2. Explain the structure and functions of cholesterol.
3. Give the composition and functions of lipoproteins.
4. Give qualitative tests of lipids.
Nucleic Acids
Long Answer Questions
1. Explain nucleic acids, their composition, and their clinical importance.
2. Explain pyrimidines and purines with examples.
3. Explain nucleotides and nucleosides.
4. Explain the general formation of nucleotides and nucleosides.
5. Explain the structure of DNA as per the Watson and Crick model.
6. Explain the structure of RNA.
Short Answer Questions
1. Write a note on the degradation of nucleoproteins.
2. Write a note on the biosynthesis of nucleotides.
3. Describe the differences between nucleotides and nucleosides with examples.
4. List the biological importance of nucleotides, DNA, and RNA.
5. Explain the types of DNA and RNA.
6. Discuss the functions of DNA and RNA.
7. Explain the characteristics of various RNAs.
Enzymes
Long Answer Questions
1. Explain enzymes. Discuss their nomenclature and classify them as per the IUB system.
2. Explain the composition and functions of enzymes.
3. Explain enzyme inhibitors with examples.
4. Explain coenzymes. Classify them with their individual functions.
5. Explain factors affecting enzyme activity.
6. Explain the mechanism of action of enzyme activity.
7. Explain reversible inhibitors of enzymes.
8. Explain non-specific inhibition.
Short Answer Questions
1. Discuss factors affecting enzyme activity.
2. Explain the properties of enzymes.
3. Discuss reversible enzyme inhibitors with examples.
4. Explain allosteric enzyme regulation and the role of the feedback mechanism.
5. Explain the role of isoenzymes.
6. Discuss the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes.
7. Explain NAD and NADP.
8. Explain coenzyme A and its significance.
9. Write a note on the pharmaceutical applications of enzymes.
10. Write a note on mixed inhibition of enzymes.
Vitamins
Long Answer Questions
1. Explain the sources and functions of vitamins.
2. Explain the chemical nature of vitamins.
3. Explain deficiency diseases and symptoms caused by vitamin deficiencies.
Short Answer Questions
1. Define and classify vitamins with examples.
2. Explain the role of vitamins as coenzymes.
3. Explain the daily requirements of vitamins.
4. Explain symptoms and deficiency diseases of fat-soluble vitamins.
5. Explain symptoms and deficiency diseases of water-soluble vitamins.
Metabolism
Long Answer Questions
1. Explain the glycolysis pathway with its energetics.
2. Explain the citric acid cycle pathway with its energetics.
3. Explain the glycogenesis pathway with its energetics.
4. Explain glycogen storage diseases.
5. Explain lipolysis.
6. Explain the beta-oxidation of palmitic acid pathway with its energetics.
7. Explain ketogenesis and ketolysis.
8. Explain ketoacidosis.
9. Explain transamination and deamination.
10. Explain the electron transport chain with its mechanism.
11. Explain oxidative phosphorylation with its mechanism.
Short Answer Questions
1. Explain the occurrence and significance of glycolysis.
2. Explain the regulation of glycogenesis and glycogenolysis.
3. Discuss the mechanism of glucagon and insulin.
4. Explain diabetes with its symptoms.
5. Explain hypoglycemia and galactosemia.
6. Explain the significance and regulation of ketogenesis and ketolysis.
7. Explain fatty liver and hypercholesterolemia.
8. Explain the significance and regulation of the urea cycle.
9. Explain phenylketonuria and albinism.
10. Explain alkaptonuria and tyrosinemia.
11. Explain jaundice.
12. Explain inhibitors of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Minerals
Long Answer Questions
1. Define and classify minerals with examples.
2. Explain the sources and functions of minerals.
3. Explain deficiency diseases and symptoms caused by mineral deficiencies in the body.
Short Answer Questions
1. Discuss deficiency diseases caused by minerals.
2. Explain the recommended dietary requirements of minerals.
3. Classify minerals based on their chemical nature.
4. Classify minerals based on their amount requirements with examples.
5. Explain the general functions of minerals.
6. Explain the physical properties and chemical composition of minerals.
Water and Electrolytes
Long Answer Questions
1. Explain distribution and function of water.
2. Explain electrolyte composition of body fluids.
3. Explain dehydration and cause of dehydration.
Short Answer Questions
1. Explain water turnover and balance in body.
2. Explain dietary intake of electrolytes.
3. Explain ORT.
4. Explain symptoms of electrolyte imbalance.
5. Explain regulation of sodium and potassium in body.
6. Explain electrolytes in foods and drinks with recommended intake.
Introduction to Biotechnology
Long Answer Questions
1. Define biotechnology. Discuss its scope and classify it in detail.
2. Explain the applications of biotechnology.
Short Answer Questions
1. Explain green and blue biotechnology.
2. Explain the types of biotechnology with examples.
3. Explain white and red biotechnology.
4. Explain the role of biotechnology in the production of antibiotics and transgenic animals.
Organ Function Test
Long Answer Questions
1. Explain the composition of blood cells.
2. Explain lymphocytes and their functions.
3. Explain platelets and their functions.
4. Explain erythrocytes and their functions.
5. Explain the normal and abnormal constituents of urine.
Short Answer Questions
1. Discuss the functions of lymphocytes and platelets.
2. Explain the abnormal constituents of urine.
3. Explain the composition of urine.
4. Explain abnormal erythrocyte cells.
5. Explain the normal constituents of urine.
6. Describe anemia and thalassemia.
7. Describe urine sample analysis.